A Worship Service Designed to Celebrate the Fine Arts
A church service (or a service of worship) is a formalized menstruation of Christian communal worship, often held in a church edifice. Information technology ofttimes but not exclusively occurs on Sunday, or Sat in the case of those churches practicing seventh-day Sabbatarianism. The church service is the gathering together of Christians to be taught the "Discussion of God" (the Christian Bible) and encouraged in their organized religion. Technically, the "church" in "church building service" refers to the gathering of the true-blue rather than to the building in which it takes identify. In most Christian traditions, services are presided over by clergy wherever possible.
Styles of service vary greatly, from the Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Presbyterian, Roman Cosmic, and Lutheran traditions of liturgical worship to the evangelical Protestant style, that often combines worship with education for the believers, which may as well take an evangelistic component appealing to the non-Christians or skeptics in the congregation. Quakers and some other groups have no formal outline to their services, merely allow the worship to develop equally the participants present feel moved.
The bulk of Christian denominations hold church services on the Lord's day (with many offer Sunday morning and Sunday evening services); a number of traditions take mid-week Wednesday evening services as well.[A] [two] In some Christian denominations, church services are held daily, with these including those in which the canonical hours are prayed, as well as the offer of the Mass, amidst other forms of worship.[3] In addition to this, many Christians attend services of worship on holy days such as Christmas, Ash Wednesday, Practiced Friday, Rising Thursday, amid others depending on the Christian denomination.[iv]
History [edit]
The worship service is a practice of Christian life that has its origins in the Jewish worship.[5] Jesus Christ and Paul of Tarsus taught a new class of worship of God.[six] As recorded in the gospels, Jesus met together with His disciples to share teachings, discuss topics,[seven] pray, and sing hymns.[8]
The belongings of church services pertains to the observance of the Lord's Day in Christianity.[9] The Bible has a precedent for a pattern of morning and evening worship that has given rise to Dominicus forenoon and Sunday evening services of worship held in the churches of many Christian denominations today, a "structure to assist families sanctify the Lord's Day."[9] In Numbers 28:1–ten and Exodus 29:38–39, "God commanded the daily offerings in the tabernacle to be made once in the morning and so again at twilight".[nine] In Psalm 92, which is a prayer concerning the observance of the Sabbath, the prophet David writes "It is good to give thanks to the Lord, to sing praises to your name, O Almost High; to declare your steadfast love in the forenoon, and your faithfulness by night" (cf. Psalm 134:1).[9] Church male parent Eusebius of Caesarea thus declared: "For it is surely no pocket-size sign of God'southward power that throughout the whole world in the churches of God at the morn rising of the sun and at the evening hours, hymns, praises, and truly divine delights are offered to God. God's delights are indeed the hymns sent up everywhere on world in his Church at the times of morning time and evening."[9]
The first miracle of the Apostles, the healing of the crippled man on the temple steps, occurred because Peter and John went to the Temple to pray (Acts 3:1). Since the Apostles were originally Jews, see Jewish Christians, the concept of fixed prayer times, as well as services therefore which differed from weekday to Sabbath to holy day, were familiar to them. Pliny the Younger (63 - ca. 113), who was not a Christian himself, mentions non only fixed prayer times past believers, but also specific services—other than the Eucharist—assigned to those times: "They met on a stated day earlier it was low-cal, and addressed a form of prayer to Christ, every bit to a divinity ... afterward which it was their custom to dissever, and then reassemble, to eat in mutual a harmless meal."[ten]
The real evolution of the Christian service in the offset century is shrouded in mystery. By the second and 3rd centuries, such Church Fathers as Cloudless of Alexandria, Origen, and Tertullian wrote of formalised, regular services: the exercise of Morning time and Evening Prayer, and prayers at the 3rd 60 minutes of the 24-hour interval (terce), the sixth hour of the day (sext), and the ninth hr of the day (none). With reference to the Jewish practices, information technology is surely no coincidence that these major hours of prayer correspond to the first and terminal 60 minutes of the conventional day, and that on Sundays (corresponding to the Sabbath in Christianity), the services are more than complex and longer (involving twice every bit many services if ane counts the Eucharist and the afternoon service). Similarly, the liturgical twelvemonth from Christmas via Easter to Pentecost covers roughly five months, the other 7 having no major services linked to the piece of work of Christ. Yet, this is non to say that the Jewish services were copied or deliberately substituted, run across Supersessionism.
Gimmicky church services [edit]
Gimmicky worship services have their origins in the Jesus Movement of the 1960s.[11] In the 1980s and 1990s, contemporary Christian music, comprising a multifariousness of musical styles, such equally Christian rock and Christian hip-hop was adopted by evangelical churches.[12] [13] [fourteen] Over the years, the organs have been replaced by pianos, electric guitars and drums.[15] [xvi] These contemporary worship services feature a sermon based on the Bible.
Worship service in Evangelical churches is seen as an human action of God'due south worship.[17] [xviii] It is usually run by a Christian pastor. It ordinarily contains two primary parts, the praise (Christian music) and the sermon, with periodically the Lord's Supper.[19] [20] [21] [22] During worship there is normally a plant nursery for babies.[23] Prior to the worship service, adults, children and young people receive an adapted education, Sunday school, in a separate room.[24]
With the 1960s' charismatic movement, a new conception of praise in worship, such as clapping and raising easily equally a sign of worship, took place in many evangelical denominations.[25]
In the 1980s and 1990s, contemporary Christian music, including a wide variety of musical styles, such as Christian Rock and Christian Hip Hop, appeared in the praise.[12] [xiii] [14]
In the 2000s and 2010s, digital technologies were integrated into worship services, such as the video projectors for broadcasting praise lyrics or video, on big screens.[26] [27] The utilize of social media such as YouTube and Facebook to retransmit alive or delayed worship services, past Net, has also spread.[28] The offering via Internet has become a common practise in several churches.[29] [30]
In some churches, a special moment is reserved for organized religion healing with laying on of easily during worship services.[31] Faith healing or divine healing is considered a legacy of Jesus caused by his expiry and resurrection.[32]
The offerings and the tithe typically occupies a fiddling time in the worship services.[33] Often associated with the tithe mandatory, this doctrine is sometimes compared to a religious business.[34] [35] [36] [37]
The main Christian feasts celebrated past the Evangelicals are Christmas, Pentecost, and Easter for all believers, among others depending on Christian denominations (cf. evangelical feasts).[38] [39] [forty]
Quaker Coming together for Worship [edit]
Quakers (the Religious Society of Friends), like other Nonconformist Protestant denominations, distinguish between a church, which is a trunk of people who believe in Christ, and a 'meeting firm' or 'chapel', which is a building where the church meets.[41] [42]
Quakers take both unprogrammed and programmed Meetings for Worship. Unprogrammed worship is based on waiting in silence and inwards listening to the Spirit, from which any participant may share a message. In unprogrammed meetings for worship, someone speaks when that person feels that God/Spirit/the universe has given them a message for others. Programmed worship includes many elements similar to Protestant services, such as a sermon and hymns. Many programmed meetings also include a time during the service for silent, expectant waiting and messages from the participants.
Common features [edit]
Vocal music is traditionally sung by a choir or the congregation (or a mixture of the 2), commonly accompanied by an organ.[43] [44] Sometimes other instruments such as piano, classical instruments, or modern band instruments may be function of the service, especially in churches influenced by the gimmicky worship movement. Some churches are equipped with state-of-the-fine art multi-media equipment to add to the worship experience. The congregation may sing forth in hymnals or words to hymns and worship songs may exist displayed on a screen. More liturgical denominations may have the words to specific prayers written in a missalette or prayer book, which the congregation follows.
Though the majority of services are nevertheless conducted in church buildings designed specifically for that purpose, some services take place in "shop forepart" or temporary settings.[45] [46] For those unable to attend a service in a church building a burgeoning televangelism and radio ministry provides broadcasts of services.[47] A number of websites have been prepare as "cyber-churches" to provide a virtual worship space costless to anyone on the net.
Church services are frequently planned and led past a single pastor or a small-scale group of elders or may follow a format laid out by the dictates of the denomination. Some churches are "lay led" with members of the congregation taking turns guiding the service or merely following format that has evolved over time between the agile members.
A few brainstorm their church services with the ringing of a bell (or a number of bells). The service usually involves the singing of hymns, reading of scripture verses and perchance a psalm, and a sermon. If the church building follows a lectionary, the sermon volition often be about the scripture lections assigned to that mean solar day. Eucharistic churches have usually Holy Communion either every Dominicus or several Sundays a month. Less liturgical congregations tend to place a greater emphasis on the sermon.
Many churches will take up a collection during the service. The rationale for this is taken from 1 Corinthians 16:1–2, i Corinthians nine:9–eleven, and 1 Timothy 5:xvi–eighteen. But some churches eschew this practice in favor of voluntary anonymous donations for which a box or plate may be prepare past the entrance, or render-address envelopes may be provided that worshippers may take with them. Offering through the Cyberspace has become a common practice in many evangelical churches.[29] [xxx] On occasion, some churches volition also arrange a 2nd collection, typically occurring after Communion, for a specific good cause or purpose.[48]
Some churches offering Sunday school classes.[49] [24] [23] These will often be for younger children, and may accept place during the whole of the service (while the adults are in church building), or the children may be present for the get-go of the service and at a prearranged point exit the service to go to Lord's day school. Some churches have adult Lord's day schoolhouse either before or after the main worship service.
Post-obit the service, there volition oftentimes be an opportunity for fellowship in the church hall or other convenient identify. This provides the members of the congregation a risk to socialize with each other and to greet visitors or new members. Java or other refreshments may be served.
Types of church service [edit]
Church services take many forms, and prepare liturgies may accept dissimilar names. Services typically include:
- Regular Sun services. These are a office of most traditions. Holy Communion may be historic at some or all of these; often it is included either once a month or once a quarter. A few denominations accept their principal weekly services on Saturday rather than Sunday. Larger churches oft tend to accept several services each Sunday; often two or three in the morning and one or two in the late afternoon or evening. Some churches have begun to provide religious services conducted through net technology.
- Midweek services. Again, Holy Communion can be part of these, either on every occasion or on a regular basis.
- Vacation services. Treated like a regular Sun service, but made more specific for the day.
- Weddings. These are usually split up services, rather than beingness incorporated into a regular service, but may be either.
- Funerals. These are ever separate services.
- Baptisms. These may be incorporated into a regular service, or separate.
- Confirmation. This is normally incorporated into a regular Sun service, which will also include communion. Information technology was traditionally the first Communion of the confirmee, only more recently, children are invited to communion in some denominations, whether confirmed or not.
- Ordination of clergy. New bishops, elders, priests and deacons are unremarkably ordained or installed generally in a solemn but celebratory ceremony on Saturday or Dominicus generally open to the public either by their own superior or another approved senior minister with ordination powers either at the area headquarters church or the cathedral or some other church agreed upon by those to be ordained and the ordaining ministers. Ordination of bishops or elders may require induction by more than 1 individual and have a more limited audience.
- First Communion. Children may gloat Communion for the first time.
- Opening of new churches or church building buildings.
- Dedication of new missionaries or those about to be sent on new missions.
Places of worship [edit]
Places of worship are usually called "churches".[50] [51] [52] In some megachurches, the building is called "campus".[53] [54] The architecture of places of worship is mainly characterized by its sobriety.[55] [56] The latin cantankerous is one of the only spiritual symbols that can usually exist seen on the building of an evangelical church and that identifies the place'south belonging.[57] [58]
Some services take place in theaters, schools or multipurpose rooms, rented for Sunday only.[59] [45] [46] Because of their agreement of the second of the 10 Commandments, evangelicals do non accept religious material representations such equally statues, icons, or paintings in their places of worship.[60] [61] There is normally a baptistery on the phase of the auditorium (also called sanctuary) or in a separate room, for the baptisms by immersion.[62] [63]
House church building [edit]
In some countries of the globe which utilize sharia or communism, government authorizations for worship are circuitous for Evangelical Christians.[64] [65] [66] Considering of persecution of Christians, Evangelical firm churches have thus developed.[67] For instance, there is the Evangelical business firm churches in China motility.[68] The meetings thus take place in private houses, in undercover and in "illegality".[69]
Megachurches [edit]
Worship services have on impressive proportions in the megachurches (churches where more than ii,000 people gather every Dominicus. In some of these megachurches, more than 10,000 people get together every Sunday. The term gigachurch is sometimes used.[70] [71] For example, Lakewood Church building (United States) or Yoido Full Gospel Church (S Korea).[72]
Groups [edit]
IFES are groups of Evangelical students coming together on campuses in 150 countries around the world to share their ideas on the Bible.[73]
Full Gospel Business Men's Fellowship International meetings are held in restaurants or hotels and Christian businessmen talk most their religion.[74]
See likewise [edit]
- Church omnipresence
- Christian liturgy
- Service As Worship
- Compline
- Canonical hours
- Divine Liturgy
- Divine Service (Lutheran)
- Evening Prayer (Anglican)
- Easter Acuity
- Mass (liturgy)
- Morning Prayer (Anglican)
References [edit]
Notes [edit]
- ^ The majority of Christian denominations teach that Lord's day is the Sun on which all the true-blue must assemble to offer worship to God (cf. offset-day Sabbatarianism). A minority of Christian denominations that follow seventh-day Sabbatarianism organize worship on Saturdays.[1]
Citations [edit]
- ^ Hughes, James R. (2006). "The Sabbath: A Universal and Enduring Ordinance of God" (PDF). Reformed Presbyterian Church. Retrieved six October 2020.
- ^ The Korean Repository, Volume 3. Trilingual Press. 21 August 1896. p. 361.
The Dominicus morn service has been well attended, as have also the Lord's day evening and Wed evening services.
- ^ "Times of Worship". Saint Paul's Free Methodist Church. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ Morgan, Bonnie (nineteen December 2019). Ordinary Saints: Women, Work, and Faith in Newfoundland. McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN978-0-2280-0028-0.
Starting with Shroe Tuesday (locall known as Pancake Day), and proceeding through Ash Midweek to Good Friday, families increased their church omnipresence and, particularly, engaged in the embodies practices of fasting and/or "giving up something for Lent."
- ^ BBC, Christian worship, bbc.co.uk, United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, June 23, 2009
- ^ Geoffrey Wainwright, The Oxford History of Christian Worship, Oxford University Press , USA, 2006, p. 465
- ^ Amy-Jill Levine, Dale C. Allison Jr., John Dominic Crossan, The Historical Jesus in Context, Princeton University Printing, Usa, 2009, p. 2
- ^ Marking 14.26, Matthew 26.30; see John J. Pilch, "A Cultural Handbook to the Bible", Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, United states of america, 2012, p. 263
- ^ a b c d e "Why an Evening Worship Service?". Christ United Reformed Church. eight December 2010. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
- ^ Pliny the Younger, Epistulae, Book X, Alphabetic character xcvii.
- ^ Don Cusic, Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music: Popular, Rock, and Worship: Pop, Stone, and Worship, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2009, p. 79
- ^ a b Suzel Ana Reily, Jonathan M. Dueck, The Oxford Handbook of Music and Earth Christianities, Oxford Academy Press, Usa, 2016, p. 443
- ^ a b Mathew Guest, Evangelical Identity and Contemporary Culture: A Congregational Written report in Innovation, Wipf and Stock Publishers, USA, 2007, p. 42
- ^ a b Don Cusic, Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music: Pop, Rock, and Worship: Popular, Rock, and Worship, ABC-CLIO, U.s., 2009, p. 85-86
- ^ Monique M. Ingalls, Singing the Congregation: How Gimmicky Worship Music Forms Evangelical Customs, Oxford Academy Press, USA, 2018, p. 7
- ^ William H. Brackney, Historical Dictionary of the Baptists, Scarecrow Printing, USA, 2009, p. 403
- ^ Gerald R. McDermott, The Oxford Handbook of Evangelical Theology, Oxford University Press, Uk, 2013, p. 311
- ^ Roger E. Olson, The Westminster Handbook to Evangelical Theology, Westminster John Knox Press, UK, 2004, p. 284
- ^ Bruce E. Shields, David Alan Butzu, Generations of Praise: The History of Worship, College Press, USA, 2006, p. 307-308
- ^ Robert Dusek, Facing the Music, Xulon Press, United states, 2008, p. 65
- ^ Gaspard Dhellemmes, Spectaculaire poussée des évangéliques en Île-de-France, lejdd.fr, French republic, June vii, 2015
- ^ Michael Lee, The Diffusion and Influence of Contemporary Worship, christianitytoday.com, USA, March 18, 2017
- ^ a b Greg Dickinson, Suburban Dreams: Imagining and Edifice the Proficient Life, University of Alabama Press, USA, 2015, p. 144
- ^ a b Jeanne Halgren Kilde, When Church building Became Theatre: The Transformation of Evangelical Architecture and Worship in Nineteenth-century America, Oxford Academy Printing, U.s., 2005, p. 159, 170, 188
- ^ Robert H. Krapohl, Charles H. Lippy, The Evangelicals: A Historical, Thematic, and Biographical Guide, Greenwood Publishing Group, USA, 1999, p. 171
- ^ Christina L. Baade, James Andrew Deaville, Music and the Circulate Experience: Performance, Production, and Audience, Oxford University Press, U.s.a., 2016, p. 300
- ^ AARON RANDLE, Bucking a trend, these churches figured out how to bring millennials back to worship, kansascity.com, USA, December 10, 2017
- ^ Marker Ward Sr., The Electronic Church in the Digital Age: Cultural Impacts of Evangelical Mass, ABC-CLIO, United states of america, 2015, p. 78
- ^ a b Michael Gryboski, Millennial-Bulk Churches Particular Challenges, Success Stories in Growth and Finances, christianpost.com, USA, June 18, 2018
- ^ a b Ghana News Agency, Asoriba launches church management software, businessghana.com, Ghana, Feb 3, 2017
- ^ Cecil Thousand. Robeck, Jr, Amos Yong, The Cambridge Companion to Pentecostalism, Cambridge Academy Press, UK, 2014, p. 138
- ^ Randall Herbert Balmer, Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism: Revised and expanded edition, Baylor Academy Press, Usa, 2004, p. 212
- ^ Marie-Claude Malboeuf and Jean-Christophe Laurence, Églises indépendantes: le culte de l'argent, lapresse.ca, Canada, November 17, 2010
- ^ Laurie Goodstein, Believers Invest in the Gospel of Getting Rich, nytimes.com, Usa, August fifteen, 2009
- ^ Jean-Christophe Laurence, Le business religieux, lapresse.ca, Canada, November 17, 2010
- ^ Trésor Kibangula, RDC : pasteur, united nations task en or, jeuneafrique.com, French republic, February 06, 2014
- ^ Raoul Mbog, Le juteux business du pasteur évangélique Dieunedort Kamdem, lemonde.fr, French republic, December 25, 2015
- ^ William H. Brackney, Historical Dictionary of the Baptists, Scarecrow Printing, USA, 2009, p. 402
- ^ Daniel Eastward. Albrecht, Rites in the Spirit: A Ritual Approach to Pentecostal/Charismatic Spirituality, A&C Black, Britain, 1999, p. 124
- ^ Walter A. Elwell, Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, Bakery Academic, USA, 2001, p. 236-239
- ^ Wakeling, Christopher (August 2016). "Nonconformist Places of Worship: Introductions to Heritage Avails". Historic England. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
- ^ Jones, Anthony (1996). Welsh Chapels. National Museum Wales. ISBN9780750911627 . Retrieved 28 March 2017.
- ^ William J. Collinge, Historical Dictionary of Catholicism, Scarecrow Press, USA, 2012, p. 280
- ^ J. Gordon Melton, Encyclopedia of Protestantism, Infobase Publishing, Usa, 2005, p. 345
- ^ a b Helmuth Berking, Silke Steets, Jochen Schwenk, Religious Pluralism and the City: Inquiries into Postsecular Urbanism, Bloomsbury Publishing, UK, 2018, p. 78
- ^ a b George Thomas Kurian, Mark A. Lamport, Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United states of america, Volume v, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2016, p. 1359
- ^ George Thomas Kurian, Mark A. Lamport, Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Us, Volume 5, Rowman & Littlefield, Usa, 2016, p. 2275-2276
- ^ Zech, C., The Problem of the Second Collection, America Magazine, published 5 Nov 2001, accessed 29 May 2021
- ^ George Thomas Kurian, Mark A. Lamport, Encyclopedia of Christian Pedagogy, Volume iii, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2015, p. 229
- ^ D. A. Carson, Worship: Adoration and Activity: Adoration and Action, Wipf and Stock Publishers, United states of america, 2002, p. 161
- ^ Jeanne Halgren Kilde, Sacred Power, Sacred Space: An Introduction to Christian Architecture and Worship, Oxford University Printing, Usa, 2008, p. 193
- ^ Harold West. Turner, From Temple to Meeting House: The Phenomenology and Theology of Places of Worship, Walter de Gruyter, Deutschland, 1979, p.258
- ^ Justin G. Wilford, Sacred Subdivisions: The Postsuburban Transformation of American Evangelicalism, NYU Printing, United states, 2012, p. 78
- ^ Anne C. Loveland, Otis B. Wheeler, From Meetinghouse to Megachurch: A Fabric and Cultural History, University of Missouri Press, USA, 2003, p. 2
- ^ Peter W. Williams, Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States, University of Illinois Press, USA, 2000, p. 125
- ^ Murray Dempster, Byron D. Klaus, Douglas Petersen, The Globalization of Pentecostalism: A Religion Made to Travel, Wipf and Stock Publishers, U.s., 2011, p. 210
- ^ Mark A. Lamport, Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global S, Volume 2, Rowman & Littlefield, Usa, 2018, p. 32
- ^ Anne C. Loveland, Otis B. Wheeler, From Meetinghouse to Megachurch: A Material and Cultural History, University of Missouri Printing, USA, 2003, p. 149
- ^ Annabelle Caillou, Vivre grâce aux dons et au bénévolat, ledevoir.com, Canada, Nov 10, 2018
- ^ Cameron J. Anderson, The Faithful Creative person: A Vision for Evangelicalism and the Arts, InterVarsity Press, Us, 2016, p. 124
- ^ Doug Jones, Sound of Worship, Taylor & Francis, United states, 2013, p. xc
- ^ William H. Brackney, Historical Dictionary of the Baptists, Scarecrow Press, USA, 2009, p. 61
- ^ Wade Clark Roof, Contemporary American Religion, Volume 1, Macmillan, U.k., 2000, p. 49
- ^ Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley, The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 4, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, The states, 2005, p. 163
- ^ Yves Mamou, Yves Mamou: «Les persécutions de chrétiens ont lieu en majorité dans des pays musulmans», lefigaro.fr, France, March 20, 2019
- ^ Wesley Rahn, In Eleven we trust - Is Red china cracking down on Christianity?, dw.com, Federal republic of germany, January 19, 2018
- ^ Allan Heaton Anderson, An Introduction to Pentecostalism: Global Charismatic Christianity, Cambridge University Press, UK, 2013, p. 104
- ^ Brian Stiller, Evangelicals Effectually the Globe: A Global Handbook for the 21st Century, Thomas Nelson, USA, 2015, p. 328
- ^ Marking A. Lamport, Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global South, Volume 2, Rowman & Littlefield, United states, 2018, p. 364
- ^ Sam Hey, Megachurches: Origins, Ministry, and Prospects, Wipf and Stock Publishers, USA, 2013, p. 265
- ^ Ed Stetzer, Megachurch Research - Terminology, christianitytoday.com, Usa, October 9, 2008
- ^ Alicia Budich, From Megachurch to "Gigachurch", cbsnews.com, USA, April half-dozen, 2012
- ^ IFES, OUR PEOPLE, ifesworld.org, Great britain, accessed January 27, 2018
- ^ Vinson Synan, Amos Yong, Global Renewal Christianity: Europe and North America Spirit-Empowered Movements: By, Present and Future, Charisma Media, USA, 2017, p. 26
External links [edit]
- "Liturgy Annal". Archived from the original on April 10, 2004. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
- "Liturgy, in the "Catholic Encyclopedia"". Archived from the original on August 16, 2000.
- "Orthodox Tradition and the Liturgy". Archived from the original on 2011-01-19.
- Church Service: Present Practice vs. First Century's Practice
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_service
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